Common symbols and units of springs

　　Reprinted from Jiusheng Spring

　　C - coil spring winding ratio; disc spring diameter ratio; coefficient

　　D——spring diameter (mm)

　　D1——Inner diameter of spring (mm)

　　D2——spring outer diameter (mm)

　　d——diameter of spring material (mm)

　　E——spring modulus (MPa)

　　F——The load of the spring (N)

　　F'——the stiffness of the spring

　　Fj——The working limit load of the spring (N)

　　Fo——The initial tension of the cylindrical extension spring (N)

　　Fr - radial load of spring (N)

　　F’r——The radial stiffness of the spring (N/mm)

　　Fs——Test load of spring (N)

　　f——The deformation of the spring (mm)

　　fj——Deformation amount under working limit load Fj (mm)

　　fr——static deformation of spring (mm)

　　fs——deformation of spring under test load Fs (mm); linear static deformation (mm)

　　fo - the assumed deformation of the tension spring corresponding to the tension Fo (mm); the central deformation of the diaphragm (mm)

　　G——Shear modulus of the material (MPa)

　　g——gravitational acceleration, g=9800mm/s²

　　H——The working height (length) of the spring (mm)

　　Ho——Free height (length) of spring (mm)

　　Hs——height (length) degree (mm) under spring test load

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